1.行業規模:
鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土管(guan)涵(han)行業(ye)在(zai)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土與(yu)水泥制(zhi)品(pin)產(chan)業(ye)中是一個面廣、量大(da);企(qi)業(ye)多、規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)小(xiao);門檻低(di)、技術(shu)簡單;龍頭骨干少;總體技術(shu)水平偏(pian)低(di);但在(zai)國(guo)(guo)家政策倒向下(xia)具有較大(da)發展空間(jian)的產(chan)業(ye)。據不完全統(tong)計我國(guo)(guo)各種(zhong)規(gui)(gui)(gui)模(mo)管(guan)涵(han)生(sheng)產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)近2000家;鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土排水管(guan)產(chan)品(pin)制(zhi)造(zao)和應(ying)用的最大(da)規(gui)(gui)(gui)格為Φ4400mm。 鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土箱涵(han)產(chan)品(pin)制(zhi)造(zao)和應(ying)用的最大(da)內寬達(da)12000mm。
Φ4000mm鋼筋混凝土排水管
2.工藝技(ji)術水平:我(wo)國(guo)鋼筋混凝土排(pai)水管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)技術(shu),近十(shi)年來得到快速進(jin)步(bu)(bu),目(mu)前(qian)已擁有了當(dang)今世界最先進(jin)的全部制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)技術(shu),成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)有:芯模振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、立(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)徑向擠(ji)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、立(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附著(zhu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、立(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)插入振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、離心成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、懸輥成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)等。 其中,Φ1500以上的大(da)口徑管(guan)(guan)大(da)多采(cai)用芯模振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、立(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)搗(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)或立(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附著(zhu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),Φ1500以下的小管(guan)(guan)老企業生產(chan)線多保留采(cai)用懸輥成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),新投入生產(chan)線則多采(cai)用芯模振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、立(li)(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)徑向擠(ji)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)升芯式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)芯模振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi),隨著(zhu)國(guo)家節(jie)能環保要(yao)求力度的加大(da)和(he)(he)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本的上漲(zhang),懸輥成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)也將會逐步(bu)(bu)被(bei)芯模振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)徑向擠(ji)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)所代替(ti)。在(zai)排(pai)水管(guan)(guan)生產(chan)中,由于離心成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)能耗大(da)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)低、制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)環境差、必須蒸汽養護等不(bu)利因(yin)素(su),目(mu)前(qian)應用極少。

二(er)、 產品(pin)體系
我國的(de)鋼筋混凝土(tu)管涵產品(pin)體系除了(le)單一的(de)普通混凝土(tu)圓形管外,還包(bao)括了(le)各(ge)種異型管、矩形箱(xiang)涵和內(nei)襯(chen)式(shi)復合管。目前除了(le)雨水管外,柔性接(jie)口基本上(shang)已(yi)經取代(dai)了(le)剛性接(jie)口。

改革開放(fang)四(si)十年(nian)(nian)來,我國水(shui)泥(ni)制(zhi)品裝(zhuang)備(bei)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)生了巨大(da)的(de)變化,尤其是近十多年(nian)(nian)來是我國排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)涵行業(ye)裝(zhuang)備(bei)技(ji)術進步與(yu)發(fa)展的(de)高(gao)峰期,到目前為止,國外(wai)各種(zhong)最先進的(de)排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)生產(chan)(chan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)已全部實(shi)現了國產(chan)(chan)化,且裝(zhuang)備(bei)的(de)技(ji)術含量正在(zai)(zai)不斷(duan)提高(gao),國產(chan)(chan)裝(zhuang)備(bei)不但(dan)在(zai)(zai)國內應(ying)用(yong),還開始向國外(wai)出口。
1.排水(shui)管制管成型裝備
(1).自2005年我國自主研(yan)發(fa)的(de)(de)第一套芯模振(zhen)動制(zhi)(zhi)管設(she)(she)備(bei)進(jin)(jin)入市場轉化為(wei)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力后,因其生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)效率(lv)高、安(an)全(quan)(quan)、節能、產(chan)(chan)品質量好(hao)諸多優(you)點,很快(kuai)得到(dao)普及推廣(guang)(guang),幾(ji)年間制(zhi)(zhi)造芯模振(zhen)動制(zhi)(zhi)管設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)備(bei)制(zhi)(zhi)造廠發(fa)展到(dao)近二十家,芯模制(zhi)(zhi)管機已普及到(dao)全(quan)(quan)國幾(ji)百家制(zhi)(zhi)管企業(ye),由此引發(fa)了(le)制(zhi)(zhi)管裝(zhuang)備(bei)進(jin)(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)熱潮。目前小口徑雙根芯模制(zhi)(zhi)管裝(zhuang)備(bei)技術進(jin)(jin)入快(kuai)速推廣(guang)(guang)中。
(2).自2011年第一(yi)套國(guo)產(chan)徑(jing)向(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)機(ji)的(de)問世,填補了我國(guo)立(li)式徑(jing)向(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)工藝和裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)的(de)空白,將行(xing)業(ye)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)技術(shu)水平(ping)向(xiang)自動化進(jin)(jin)(jin)步又推進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步。經過幾年的(de)不斷(duan)改進(jin)(jin)(jin)完善和創新(xin),2017-2018年新(xin)一(yi)代徑(jing)向(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)機(ji)已達到國(guo)外同類(lei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)的(de)技術(shu)水平(ping),實現了雙層鋼筋骨架(jia)、最大(da)口徑(jing)1650承插管(guan)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)效(xiao)率較第一(yi)代裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)成(cheng)倍提高,目前生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)Φ300—Φ1000×3000mm的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率達到3min—3.5min/根(gen),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)Φ1200—Φ1650×3000mm管(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率達到4min—5min/根(gen),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)脫(tuo)模(mo)后(hou)基本(ben)實現了無需表面修飾處理。目前徑(jing)向(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)機(ji)已經投(tou)入應(ying)用的(de)近(jin)50臺套。無論是裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)所生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)最大(da)規格、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)速度和制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量均達到國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)水平(ping),相比進(jin)(jin)(jin)口裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)所需資金大(da)幅下降(jiang),從而基本(ben)上結束(shu)了徑(jing)向(xiang)擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)靠國(guo)外進(jin)(jin)(jin)口的(de)年代。
(3) 2017-2018年(nian),繼我國第(di)一(yi)條混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)升(sheng)芯式(shi)芯模(mo)振(zhen)動(dong)自動(dong)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線成(cheng)功(gong)研發(fa)并投入應用(yong)后,目前已在湖北、山東等地(di)的多家企(qi)業(ye)投入了(le)應用(yong),實現了(le)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)的自動(dong)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),這種集徑(jing)向(xiang)擠(ji)壓和芯模(mo)振(zhen)動(dong)優(you)點的升(sheng)芯式(shi)芯模(mo)振(zhen)動(dong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)機,達到國際(ji)同類制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)裝備的先進水(shui)(shui)平(ping),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率(lv)高、用(yong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)少、安(an)全(quan)環保,全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)線僅工(gong)人(ren)(ren)3人(ren)(ren),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規格為Φ300—Φ1500mm承插管(guan),其(qi)中(zhong)Φ300—Φ800mm可雙(shuang)根同時生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效(xiao)率(lv)5min—8min/雙(shuang)根。該自動(dong)化(hua)線的成(cheng)功(gong)研發(fa)是(shi)我國鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)裝備的又一(yi)大進步(bu),必將帶動(dong)制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)行業(ye)向(xiang)國際(ji)先進水(shui)(shui)平(ping)快速發(fa)展。

近幾年在(zai)混凝(ning)土排水(shui)管(guan)制(zhi)管(guan)裝備不斷發展進步的同時,相關混凝(ning)土構件(jian)的裝備也不斷進不斷創新(xin)開發。如預(yu)制(zhi)檢查(cha)(cha)井(jing)的流水(shui)線、高頻振動設備集成自動化等(deng)實現了一(yi)臺設備可生產圓管(guan)、方涵(han)和檢查(cha)(cha)井(jing),已成功在(zai)預(yu)制(zhi)混凝(ning)土檢查(cha)(cha)井(jing)和預(yu)制(zhi)混凝(ning)土箱涵(han)生產中廣(guang)泛應用(yong),開拓(tuo)了一(yi)機(ji)多用(yong)的新(xin)途徑(jing)。

3.鋼筋骨架制(zhi)作設備
用于(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)骨架(jia)(jia)制作的(de)全自(zi)動(dong)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)骨架(jia)(jia)滾(gun)(gun)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)自(zi)成功(gong)開發(fa)以來,經過(guo)不斷(duan)改進、完善,極大(da)提(ti)高了裝備性能(neng)和應用范圍,實現(xian)了鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)骨架(jia)(jia)焊(han)(han)(han)接的(de)全自(zi)動(dong)化,滾(gun)(gun)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)可(ke)焊(han)(han)(han)接鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)最大(da)直徑從(cong)最開始(shi)的(de)Φ8mm提(ti)高到今天的(de)Φ14mm,接近國(guo)際先(xian)進水(shui)平,我國(guo)的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)骨架(jia)(jia)滾(gun)(gun)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)也開始(shi)進入國(guo)際市場。尤其(qi)是雙筋(jin)(jin)(jin)并焊(han)(han)(han)自(zi)動(dong)變徑排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)骨架(jia)(jia)滾(gun)(gun)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)解決了大(da)配筋(jin)(jin)(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)骨架(jia)(jia)的(de)自(zi)動(dong)滾(gun)(gun)焊(han)(han)(han)。 可(ke)焊(han)(han)(han)管(guan)徑Φ4000mm雙根(gen)Φ14mm鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)國(guo)內最大(da)自(zi)動(dong)滾(gun)(gun)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)已經在(zai)工程(cheng)中得(de)(de)到成功(gong)應用。目前鋼(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)(jin)骨架(jia)(jia)滾(gun)(gun)焊(han)(han)(han)機(ji)可(ke)焊(han)(han)(han)最大(da)規格Φ4400mm ,在(zai)遼(liao)西(xi)北輸水(shui)工程(cheng)中得(de)(de)到應用。
國(guo)家(jia)加大(da)(da)預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)裝配化(hua)綜合管廊建設(she)的(de)(de)推廣應用,對(dui)行業裝備企(qi)業提(ti)出研發(fa)相應配套設(she)備的(de)(de)課題。2017年開(kai)始混(hun)凝(ning)土箱涵鋼(gang)(gang)筋骨架(jia)(jia)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)數(shu)控(kong)鋼(gang)(gang)筋網(wang)焊接(jie)生產線得到研制(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)發(fa),成功解決了人工制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)鋼(gang)(gang)筋骨架(jia)(jia)工效低、勞(lao)動強度大(da)(da)、質量不穩定的(de)(de)問題。每6分(fen)鐘(zhong)可焊接(jie)1片(pian)網(wang)片(pian),可成型鋼(gang)(gang)筋最大(da)(da)直(zhi)徑可達Ф28mm。設(she)備較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)提(ti)高了預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)混(hun)凝(ning)土箱涵鋼(gang)(gang)筋骨架(jia)(jia)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)自動化(hua)技術水平(ping)和生產效率(lv),減輕了勞(lao)動強度,節省了人力資源。
4.箱涵模具創新(xin)
箱(xiang)涵(han)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)有立式(shi)箱(xiang)涵(han)模(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)臥式(shi)箱(xiang)涵(han)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)二種,分別適用于(yu)立式(shi)成型(xing)和(he)(he)臥式(shi)成型(xing)。其中又分單(dan)倉模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)多倉模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju),整(zheng)體模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)拼(pin)裝(zhuang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju),上(shang)下(xia)拼(pin)裝(zhuang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)左右拼(pin)裝(zhuang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)。近年來(lai)通(tong)過(guo)不斷的(de)(de)技術(shu)改進,模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)鎖(suo)緊由原來(lai)的(de)(de)螺栓鎖(suo)緊改造為偏心鎖(suo)緊機構(gou),或采(cai)用插銷契塊(kuai),提升(sheng)了鎖(suo)緊速(su)度;立式(shi)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)模(mo)(mo)(mo)板組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)由原來(lai)的(de)(de)定位(wei)銷或鉸鏈機構(gou)改為采(cai)用模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)自滑(hua)軌(gui)道和(he)(he)定位(wei)輪自滑(hua)移動定位(wei),減少了行車吊裝(zhuang),消除了安全隱患,有效(xiao)的(de)(de)提高(gao)了生產效(xiao)率;針對(dui)箱(xiang)涵(han)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)規格多,企(qi)業(ye)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)投入(ru)大的(de)(de)現狀(zhuang),創新開發了可(ke)調(diao)節箱(xiang)涵(han)高(gao)和(he)(he)寬的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)板拼(pin)裝(zhuang)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju),達(da)到(dao)一模(mo)(mo)(mo)多用,力求(qiu)實現箱(xiang)涵(han)模(mo)(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)標準化(hua)。
四、 頂進施工用鋼筋混凝土排水管發展(zhan):
在城(cheng)市,鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土排水管(guan)(guan)的頂進(jin)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式解決了(le)管(guan)(guan)道埋(mai)設(she)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中對城(cheng)市建筑(zhu)物的破(po)壞(huai)和(he)道路交(jiao)通(tong)的堵塞(sai)等困難,因(yin)而推廣發展(zhan)迅速(su),頂進(jin)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土排水管(guan)(guan)成(cheng)為城(cheng)市非(fei)開挖施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)首選管(guan)(guan)材,其中鋼承(cheng)口(kou)頂管(guan)(guan)用(yong)(yong)得(de)最多。隨著我國(guo)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的加大、加快,用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)穿越江河、湖泊、沙層(ceng)(ceng)的高性能、大口(kou)徑鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土排污(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)得(de)到重點應用(yong)(yong)。上海市污(wu)(wu)(wu)水治(zhi)理(li)白云港片南線輸(shu)送(song)干線用(yong)(yong)雙根DN4000mm排污(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)、云南昆明(ming)滇池治(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程用(yong)(yong)DN4000 mm排污(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)頂進(jin)成(cheng)功(gong)、從內蒙古(gu)烏蘭(lan)布(bu)巴音湖輸(shu)水穿沙管(guan)(guan)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中ON3000mm、頂距1520Km、埋(mai)深48m的沙層(ceng)(ceng)地下頂進(jin)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),完成(cheng)了(le)我國(guo)首例帶壓力(li)混(hun)凝土排水管(guan)(guan)在長(chang)距離(li)、深復土、無水砂層(ceng)(ceng)地質頂管(guan)(guan)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中的應用(yong)(yong)。 2018年1月青龍管(guan)(guan)道股(gu)份有限公司的鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土頂管(guan)(guan)借“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路”東(dong)風,帶著“中國(guo)制造(zao)”印記和(he)“青龍管(guan)(guan)道”標識,首次(ci)(ci)邁出國(guo)門,漂(piao)洋過海入(ru)非(fei)洲,通(tong)過海運,服務(wu)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)非(fei)喀隆(long)溫德市薩納(na)加飲用(yong)(yong)水廠和(he)配套工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。
由于頂管施工(gong)和盾構(gou)施工(gong)在(zai)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)可(ke)靠性上尚有一定的差距,體現在(zai)接頭密封(feng)效果及施工(gong)過(guo)程管材(cai)受力狀況(kuang)不同。影(ying)響了頂管施工(gong)在(zai)非(fei)開挖領域的應用(yong)。 還需頂管施工(gong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)和頂管管材(cai)性能(neng)兩方(fang)面(mian)做出更多的技術(shu)(shu)(shu)保證和技術(shu)(shu)(shu)改進(jin)。
5. 大口徑電力(li)電纜管(guan)的發展
隨著城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建設(she)的(de)快速發展,電(dian)網入(ru)地(di)已(yi)經(jing)成為大中城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)電(dian)力發展的(de)必然(ran)趨勢。地(di)下高壓走廊(lang)在國外發達國家的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)早已(yi)普及。電(dian)力隧道的(de)截面有(you)環形(xing)、箱形(xing)、異形(xing)截面形(xing)狀(zhuang)。
環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隧(sui)道(dao)的(de)(de)最大直徑達到3.5—4.0m。基本采(cai)用(yong)柔性接口(kou)企型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)排水管和柔性接口(kou)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)承口(kou)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)頂(ding)管,管子設(she)計參照GB/T11836《混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)排水管》國家標準實(shi)施(shi)(shi)。但混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)強度等級、抗滲級別和結(jie)構(gou)性能(neng)(neng)等技術(shu)指標均大于(yu)普通鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)排水管的(de)(de)標準要求(qiu)。 隧(sui)道(dao)內(nei)(nei)電(dian)纜的(de)(de)不同安(an)裝方(fang)法,要求(qiu)預(yu)埋(mai)(mai)在管節內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)埋(mai)(mai)件、配件形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀不一樣,用(yong)得較多、較典型的(de)(de)有(you)管內(nei)(nei)預(yu)埋(mai)(mai)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)、端(duan)面預(yu)埋(mai)(mai)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)帶(dai)孔鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)板形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)和管內(nei)(nei)預(yu)埋(mai)(mai)定位套管形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi) (如下圖(tu))。采(cai)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋(jin)(jin)混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)管涵作為高壓(ya)電(dian)力電(dian)纜隧(sui)道(dao)所用(yong)管材的(de)(de)優勢:管材全(quan)部工(gong)廠化加(jia)工(gong),產品質(zhi)量容易得到保(bao)證;管道(dao)間(jian)接頭采(cai)用(yong)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)橡膠(jiao)圈(quan)柔性連(lian)接,膠(jiao)圈(quan)壓(ya)縮率45%—50%。密封(feng)性能(neng)(neng)好;施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方(fang)法可(ke)以多樣化,可(ke)以采(cai)用(yong)開挖(wa)方(fang)式(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)和頂(ding)進方(fang)式(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong),組裝速度快工(gong)程綜合(he)成本低。箱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)截面電(dian)纜隧(sui)道(dao)比(bi)園形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)截面電(dian)纜隧(sui)道(dao)更具有(you)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效利用(yong)空間(jian)的(de)(de)優勢。
六(liu)、 混(hun)凝土技術及(ji)接口(kou)密封(feng)材料的(de)研發:
1.混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)是長期研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)課題(ti),鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)排水(shui)管所(suo)用混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)性能(neng)(neng)隨著(zhu)制管裝備自動(dong)(dong)化程度(du)和(he)產(chan)(chan)品性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao),加(jia)(jia)上國家(jia)對節能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)要(yao)求(qiu)日(ri)益加(jia)(jia)強,促使高(gao)性能(neng)(neng)、高(gao)強度(du)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)管涵(han)生產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)得(de)到(dao)研(yan)發(fa)(fa)應用,目前排水(shui)管產(chan)(chan)品用混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)壓強度(du)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)大多(duo)(duo)已(yi)高(gao)于國家(jia)標準,C30混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)除小口徑雨水(shui)管外(wai)已(yi)很少(shao)設計采用,在(zai)(zai)重要(yao)工程中(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)要(yao)求(qiu)抗(kang)(kang)壓強度(du)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)C50以(yi)上,抗(kang)(kang)滲級(ji)(ji)別P8以(yi)上。大流動(dong)(dong)度(du)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)已(yi)在(zai)(zai)生產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)得(de)到(dao)應用,自密實(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)試驗與研(yan)究已(yi)列入課題(ti)。隨著(zhu)國家(jia)節能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)管理(li)力度(du)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)強,免(mian)蒸(zheng)養混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)排水(shui)管中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應用必將是今后探索研(yan)究的(de)(de)(de)方向。近年來(lai)工業(ye)廢渣磷(lin)石膏制作無筋混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)構件在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)北宜昌(chang)得(de)到(dao)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)應用。日(ri)本自密實(shi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、外(wai)加(jia)(jia)劑應用技(ji)(ji)術(shu)得(de)到(dao)了國內不少(shao)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)學習與研(yan)究。

3.我國(guo)預(yu)(yu)制混凝土管涵用接口密封(feng)材料近年來得到(dao)了(le)較快發展,從(cong)接口密封(feng)性能的(de)(de)提高反應(ying)出行業的(de)(de)技術進(jin)(jin)步。尤其(qi)是自粘(zhan)型(xing)復合(he)橡膠條在國(guo)內的(de)(de)成(cheng)功開發和(he)在管廊(lang)工程中的(de)(de)成(cheng)功應(ying)用。結(jie)束了(le)預(yu)(yu)制城(cheng)市綜合(he)管廊(lang)推廣初(chu)期該密封(feng)材料靠日本(ben)進(jin)(jin)口的(de)(de)局面,對確保(bao)預(yu)(yu)制城(cheng)市綜合(he)管廊(lang)接口密封(feng)性能和(he)百年使用壽命(ming)起到(dao)積極作(zuo)用。
七、 技術標準體系:
現(xian)行有效的鋼筋混(hun)凝土排水管涵 生產及(ji)相關方法、材料技(ji)術標準 :
GB/T11836-2009《混凝土與鋼筋混凝土排水管》
GB/T11837-2009《混凝土管用混凝土強度試驗方法》
GB/T16752-2017《混凝土與鋼筋混凝土排水管試驗方法》
GB50268-2017《給水排水管道工程施工及驗收規范》
GB1499.2-2018《鋼筋混凝土用鋼 第二部分:熱軋帶肋鋼筋》
GB/T29423—2012《用于耐腐蝕水泥制品的堿礦渣粉煤灰混凝土》
GB/TXXXX-《城市地下綜合管廊用預制混凝土制品試驗方法》(報批中)
JC/T 2126.1—2012《水泥制品工藝技術規程 第1部分鋼筋混凝土排水管》
JC/T 2280—2014《內襯PVC 片材混凝土和鋼筋混凝土排水管》
JC/T 2241—2014《預制混凝土檢查井 》
JC/T 2458-2018《預制混凝土箱涵》
JC/T 2460-2018《預制鋼筋混凝土化糞池》
JC/T 946-2005《混凝土與鋼筋混凝土排水管用橡膠密封圈》
CBMF18-2017《預制混凝土箱涵工藝技術規程 》
CCGF 429.1—2018《產品質量監督抽查實施規范》(征求意見中)
CBMF xx-xxxx 《預制混凝土箱涵接口用密封材料 》(報批中)
CBMF xx-xxxx《預制城市(shi)地(di)下綜合管廊用(yong)鋼模 》(征求意見中)
八(ba)、 技術培訓與質(zhi)量管(guan)理
1.技術培(pei)訓(xun):
行業人(ren)力資源現狀滿足不(bu)了(le)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備和技術(shu)的發展的需(xu)要,包(bao)括自動化(hua)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備的操(cao)作(zuo)與(yu)維(wei)護,先進混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)技術(shu)的應(ying)用(yong)(yong)與(yu)推廣,工程(cheng)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中質量糾紛的處理(li)等(deng),同時適合基層(ceng)技術(shu)人(ren)員學習(xi)的教材(cai)(cai)又(you)十(shi)分(fen)缺乏,為(wei)(wei)此(ci)2018年中國混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)與(yu)水泥制品協(xie)會排水管工作(zuo)部組織對2014年編(bian)制的《混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)與(yu)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)排水管培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)專用(yong)(yong)教材(cai)(cai)》進行修改(gai)和補充,編(bian)制新的《鋼筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)管涵培(pei)訓(xun)(xun)專用(yong)(yong)教材(cai)(cai)》,教材(cai)(cai)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)上、下(xia)二冊(ce),上冊(ce)為(wei)(wei)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)園(yuan)管;下(xia)冊(ce)為(wei)(wei)市政工程(cheng)用(yong)(yong)預制混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)構件包(bao)括混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)箱涵、混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)檢查井、混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)化(hua)糞池、海綿(mian)城市制品等(deng),目前還在審稿中。該(gai)教材(cai)(cai)完成后將為(wei)(wei)一線工程(cheng)技術(shu)人(ren)員和技術(shu)工人(ren)提供(gong)較為(wei)(wei)適用(yong)(yong)的理(li)論(lun)知(zhi)識和應(ying)用(yong)(yong)技術(shu)。
國家人力資(zi)源社(she)會(hui)保障部下達的《國家職業技能標準(zhun)化(hua) 混凝土水(shui)泥制(zhi)品工》已下達計(ji)劃,正在編制(zhi)中(zhong),標準(zhun)完成(cheng)后將對水(shui)泥制(zhi)品工分為(wei)初級(ji)、中(zhong)級(ji)、高級(ji)、技師四個(ge)級(ji)別。
2.產(chan)品質量市場監(jian)管(guan)
2017年06月(yue)29日國發〔2017〕34號《國務(wu)院關于調整工業(ye)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)許可(ke)證管理(li)目錄和試行(xing)(xing)簡(jian)化(hua)審批程序(xu)的(de)(de)決定》取(qu)消了(le)包括輸水管在(zai)內的(de)(de)19類工業(ye)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)許可(ke)證行(xing)(xing)政管理(li),同時提出要堅持放管結合、并重,加大(da)(da)抽查(cha)(cha)力度,增加抽查(cha)(cha)頻(pin)次和品種,擴(kuo)大(da)(da)抽查(cha)(cha)覆蓋面(mian), 根據文件(jian)要求,2017年和2018年連(lian)續二年對(dui)一千多家輸水管生產(chan)(chan)企業(ye)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品質量進行(xing)(xing)了(le)國家監(jian)督抽查(cha)(cha)。同時,相應的(de)(de)監(jian)督抽查(cha)(cha)實(shi)施(shi)規范標(biao)準—CCGF 429.1—2018《產(chan)(chan)品質量監(jian)督抽查(cha)(cha)實(shi)施(shi)規范》已經編制完成,正(zheng)在(zai)征求意(yi)見中。